closed system
美英
- un.封闭系统;闭合系统;闭路系统;闭合体系
- 网络封闭体系;密闭系统;封闭式系统

1
3
4
5
6
The innovation advantages of an open marketplace outweigh the limited performance advantages of a closed system.
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29